Dados do Trabalho

Título

ASSOCIAÇÃO DAS DOENÇAS DO SONO COM COMORBIDADES CLÍNICAS E SEUS PADRÕES NA POLISSONOGRAFIA

Introdução

A population’s sleep pattern can positively or negatively impact its overall health and most common pathologies. The most common sleep disorders in the Brazilian population are insomnia and sleep apnea, like diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are the most common diseases. Sleep apnea reduces sleep quality by sleep fragmentation, deep sleep and REM sleep deprivation causing excessive daytime sleepiness, poor focus, and fatigue. Moreover, sleep apnea increases the risks of cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, and depression.

Objetivo

Identify the demographic characteristics and clinical comorbidities associated with Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI) registered in the polysomnographic exam; identify alterations in the polysomnographic exam patterns associated with AHI; identify the association between AHI and arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, smoking, and Epworth Score.

Métodos

This is a transversal observational analytical study. A semi-structured questionnaire designed by Instituto do Sono de Sorocaba and the polysomnographic results will provide the data. STATA 16.1 (StataCorp LP, Texas) software was used for statistical analysis.

Resultados

The sample's sleep pattern is characterized by low sleep efficiency, excessive daytime sleepiness, moderate AIH, and a high awakening index indicating poor sleep quality. The statistical analysis concluded that obesity, hypertension, and male sex increases AIH scores (p<0.05). And the higher the age/Epworth score, the higher the AIH will be (p<0.05). The relation between AIH and other variables of the polysomnographic exam were only significant to the REM stage, being the higher the AIH, the lower the percentage of REM sleep. Patients with severe AIH have lower mean saturation and higher awakening rates than patients with mild and moderate AIH.

Conclusões

This research concludes that apnea alters sleep quality and is associated with age, sex, and clinical diseases. The presence of obesity, male sex, and hypertension is associated with a higher AIH. A higher AIH is associated with a decrease in REM sleep, evidencing lower sleep quality. The REM sleep percentage (p=0.07) and beta coefficient (-0.2) present a decrease in REM sleep, being the higher the AIH, the worse the sleep quality. More studies are necessary to comprehend the relation between sleep apnea and hypertension/obesity; and between sleep quality and obesity/hypertension.

Palavras-chave

sleep, polysomnography, sleep apnea