Dados do Trabalho

Título

The correlation between sleep desaturation index with BMI and AHI in patients with Obstructive Sleep Hypopnea and Apnea Syndrome in a specialized service.

Introdução

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or total (apnea) obstruction of the upper airways during sleep. The prevalence has been increasing substantially with the increase of obesity in the world population, one of its main risk factors. Consequently, increasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. The severity classification is based on the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) evidenced in sleep polysomnography.

Objetivo

To correlate the desaturation index with the AHI and the BMI (Body Mass Index) of patients who underwent polysomnography in a Pulmonology service in Porto Alegre-RS from January 2017 to August 2021.

Métodos

Cross-sectional analysis of 561 patients who underwent polysomnography between January 2017 and August 2021 at the Pulmonology Service of Porto Alegre-RS. Only patients who met the diagnostic criteria for OSAHS (AHI greater than 5) were included in the analysis, determining a sample of 421 patients. The relation between the hemoglobin desaturation index with the degree of the AHI and the value of the BMI was analyzed. The degree of AHI being classified as mild (5-15), moderate (16-30) and severe (greater than 30) and the BMI value of each patient.

Resultados

Out of the 421 patients included in the analysis, 186 (44.2%) had an AHI between 5-15 (mild). 74 (17.6%) had an AHI between 16-30 (moderate) and 161 (38.24%) had an AHI greater than 30 (severe). The desaturation index in cases of mild, moderate and severe OSAHS was 8.9; 18.8 and 47.5 respectively. The mean oxygen saturation in mild cases is 93.2%, in moderate cases 92.7% and in severe cases 90.1%. Regarding the mean BMI in mild, moderate and severe cases, they were 31.9; 32.6; and 35.1 respectively.

Conclusões

There was a significant correlation of the desaturation index with the degree of AHI and the value of the BMI, with the correlation with the BMI being weak and with the AHI very strong. The desaturation index was higher with the greater severity of the apnea. The higher the BMI, the greater the apnea severity, corroborating data described in the medical literature.

Palavras-chave

1. Desaturation index. 2. Apnea and hypopnea index. 3. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome.