Dados do Trabalho

Título

Frequency of risk factors and previous diseases in obstructive sleep apnea in adults with different age groups

Introdução

The obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most frequent respiratory sleep-disordered, with a multifactorial pathophysiology and it is influenced by factors such as age, sex, and previous diseases. Knowledge of most frequently OSA’s factors can help in its screening.

Objetivo

To analyze the frequency of risk factors, considering anthropometric measurements, and previous diseases in individuals with OSA, in different age groups.

Métodos

This is a transversal study, with samples coming from the sleep clinic of the Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, from February 2020 to January 2022. Subjects were interviewed with clinic epidemiologic data collection and a physical examination, which included verification of anthropometric measurements. All subjects underwent Type I polysomnography (PSG) for the diagnosis of OSA. The sample was characterized into three age groups: 18 to 39 (G1), 40 to 59 (G2) and > 60 years (G3).

Resultados

The sample consisted of 321 subjects, whose 46% in the G2, and average age was 50 years. Females were the predominant gender (56%). OSA frequency was 79 %, with 25% considered mild, 24% moderate and 39% severe. The severe OSA was predominated in G2 and G3, 43% and 41%, respectively. Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) prevailed among previous diseases, 45% in the general sample, with 13%, 50% and 67% in G1, G2 and G3, respectively. There was a low frequency of other classic OSA-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (18%) and ischemic heart disease (7.8%), both more frequent in G3, 34% and 13% respectively. A sedentary lifestyle stood out among the risk factors, with a frequency of 77%, being more frequent in G2 and G3, 78% and 80%, respectively. Nevertheless, in relation to risk factors, higher BMI and cervical circumference (CC) were observed in individuals with OSA in G1 and G2. In G3, lower values were found for calf circumference (CaC).

Conclusões

In the present sample, SAH, as a previous disease, and sedentary lifestyle stood out, corroborating themselves as classic risk factors in OSA. Anthropometric measurements were relevant in individuals with OSA, highlighting higher values of BMI and CC in the younger and intermediate subjects’ group, as well as lower values of CaC in the group of older subjects. Therefore, the importance of anthropometric measurements is denoted as another factor to be considered in OSA suspicion.

Palavras -chave

Sleep apnea; risk factors; age group