Dados do Trabalho

Título

Meal timing is associated with abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose: A study from NHANES 2015-2018

Introdução

The global prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased during the past decade and parallels the increase in overconsumption of energy-dense food and environmental changes that encourage a sedentary lifestyle. Recent studies suggest that meal timing appears to affect the robustness of circadian rhythms in metabolic organs, and circadian rhythm disruption is emerging as a new risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, timing of food intake throughout the day is an important determinant of body weight and metabolic health.

Objetivo

Investigate the chrononutritional pattern association with obesity and metabolic disorders that make up the metabolic syndrome.

Métodos

A total of 1352 adults were included in the analysis. Meal timing data were collected through two 24-hour dietary recalls in both cycles (2015-2016 and 2017-2018). From the meal timing, the eating window was established, corresponding to the interval of hours between the first and last meal of the participant, and the first eating episode was regarded as having occurred from 05:00. The eating midpoint was determined by the middle time point between the first and the last meal. The weight, height and waist circumference were collected. Regarding metabolic parameters, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure were also collected.

Resultados

The mean age was 37.59 years and 50.81% were women. The mean BMI was 29.05 kg/m², and the most of participants (67.68%) were classified as overweight or obese. Participants with a longer eating window (> 12 hours) had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (IRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46) when compared with those who ate their meals in a shorter eating window (≤ 12 hours). Also participants in the highest tertile of the time of the first (mean 10:44) and last meal (mean 22:04) had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (IRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54 and IRR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.70, respectively) and elevated fasting glucose (IRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32 and IRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52, respectively) than those in the first tertile (mean 06:58 and 18:41, respectively).

Conclusões

These findings suggest that chrononutritional patterns, including eating window, first and last meal timing and eating midpoint are related to cardiometabolic risks in free-living American adults.

Palavras -chave

Chrononutrition. Meal timing. Obesity. Metabolic parameters.